After a sporadic visit by the fishermen from immediate north and the European discovery by explorers of Dutch in 1606, eastern half of Australia claimed by British in late 1770, initially was settled through the penal transportation to colony of New South Wales that was founded on January 26 1788. Population of country grew steadily in following year, continent was also explored during 19 th century, and five largely self-governing Colonies were also established then. In 1901, six colonies became federation while commonwealth of Australia was formed. Federation since then, has maintained stable liberal political democratic system, it remains commonwealth realm. Population is just 21.7 million, and approximately 60% is concentrated in around mainland state Sydney 's capitals, Brisbane , Melbourne , Perth , and Adelaide .

Capital city of Nation Canberra is located in Australian Capital Territory . It is advanced technologically and industrialized, it is prosperous country with multi-cultures and has a result in many international comparisons of a national performance such as in health care, quality-of-life, life expectancy, public education, human development, protection of the civil liberties, economic freedom and political rights. Country has six states as well as two major mainland territories.

Lesser territories are also there, under administration of federal government. Major mainland and each state territory have own legislature of the parliament in Northern territory, Queensland and ACT with bicameral in remaining states. Lower house in sated is known as Legislative Assembly.