Cold waters of region produce little moisture that is needed on mainland. In 2005, a study by the American and Australian researchers investigated that desertification of interior, suggested one explanation that was related to human settlers. Hottest temperature in Australia can reach at 50 degree Celsius, while minimum temperature can reach at sun-zero. Continent doesn't have high mountain ranges surrounded by warm oceans mostly. Average air surface temperature in country has increased by 0.7 degree Celsius over past the country. Patterns of rainfall across country are seasonal highly. It is compared to Earth's continental landmasses that Australia is so dry.

Over 80% of continent has annual rainfall of less 600 millimeters, while in Antarctica only receives rainfall less than Australia . Part of far North Queenland coast annually average over 4000 mm, having Australian annual record being set at summit of the Mount Bellenden in 2000.

Low rate of an evaporation from very cool body of water result little evaporation occurring. Result of clouds and rain is also to be recorded, absence of significant mountain range or substantial height above the sea levels. Result in little rainfalls caused by orographics. It is important because moist winds are also prevented from the penetrating to Australian inland.